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RAD51C

RAD51 paralog C

Essential for the homologous recombination (HR) pathway of DNA repair. Involved in the homologous recombination repair (HRR) pathway of double-stranded DNA breaks arising during DNA replication or induced by DNA-damaging agents. Part of the RAD21 paralog protein complexes BCDX2 and CX3 which act at different stages of the BRCA1-BRCA2-dependent HR pathway. Upon DNA damage, BCDX2 seems to act downstream of BRCA2 recruitment and upstream of RAD51 recruitment; CX3 seems to act downstream of RAD51 recruitment; both complexes bind predominantly to the intersection of the four duplex arms of the Holliday junction (HJ) and to junction of replication forks. The BCDX2 complex was originally reported to bind single-stranded DNA, single-stranded gaps in duplex DNA and specifically to nicks in duplex DNA. The BCDX2 subcomplex RAD51B:RAD51C exhibits single-stranded DNA-dependent ATPase activity suggesting an involvement in early stages of the HR pathway. Involved in RAD51 foci formation in response to DNA damage suggesting an involvement in early stages of HR probably in the invasion step. Has an early function in DNA repair in facilitating phosphorylation of the checkpoint kinase CHEK2 and thereby transduction of the damage signal, leading to cell cycle arrest and HR activation. Participates in branch migration and HJ resolution and thus is important for processing HR intermediates late in the DNA repair process; the function may be linked to the CX3 complex. Part of a PALB2-scaffolded HR complex containing BRCA2 and which is thought to play a role in DNA repair by HR. Protects RAD51 from ubiquitin-mediated degradation that is enhanced following DNA damage. Plays a role in regulating mitochondrial DNA copy number under conditions of oxidative stress in the presence of RAD51 and XRCC3. Contributes to DNA cross-link resistance, sister chromatid cohesion and genomic stability. Involved in maintaining centrosome number in mitosis.

Gene Name: RAD51 paralog C
Synonyms: RAD51C, FANCO, RAD51 homolog C, RAD51-like protein 2, Yeast RAD51 homolog 3, R51H3, BROVCA3, RAD51L2
Target Sequences: NM_002876 NP_002867.1 O43502

Publications (16)

1
Isolation and characterization of RAD51C, a new human member of the RAD51 family of related genes. Dosanjh MK, Collins DW, Fan W, Lennon GG, Albala JS, Shen Z, Schild D. Nucleic acids research. 1998 26:1179-84. (Yeast) [PubMed:9469824] [PMC:PMC147393]
2
Complex formation by the human RAD51C and XRCC3 recombination repair proteins. Masson JY, Stasiak AZ, Stasiak A, Benson FE, West SC. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 2001 98:8440-6. (WB, IP; Human) [PubMed:11459987] [PMC:PMC37455]
3
Role of mammalian RAD51L2 (RAD51C) in recombination and genetic stability. French CA, Masson JY, Griffin CS, O'Regan P, West SC, Thacker J. The Journal of biological chemistry. 2002 277:19322-30. (ICC, WB, IP; Human) [PubMed:11912211]
4
Autoantibodies in sera of pancreatic cancer patients identify recombination factor Rad51 as a tumour-associated antigen. Maacke H, Hundertmark C, Miska S, Voss M, Kalthoff H, Strzbecher HW. Journal of cancer research and clinical oncology. 2002 128:219-22. (IHC, WB; Human) [PubMed:11935313]
5
Mammalian Rad51C contributes to DNA cross-link resistance, sister chromatid cohesion and genomic stability. Godthelp BC, Wiegant WW, van Duijn-Goedhart A, Schrer OD, van Buul PP, Kanaar R, Zdzienicka MZ. Nucleic acids research. 2002 30:2172-82. (ICC, WB) [PubMed:12000837] [PMC:PMC115287]
6
Inactivation of the RAD51 recombination pathway stimulates UV-induced mutagenesis in mammalian cells. Lambert S, Lopez BS. Oncogene. 2002 21:4065-9. [PubMed:12037689]
7
RAD51C is required for Holliday junction processing in mammalian cells. Liu Y, Masson JY, Shah R, O'Regan P, West SC. Science (New York, N.Y.). 2004 303:243-6. (Human) [PubMed:14716019]
8
Defective DNA strand break repair after DNA damage in prostate cancer cells: implications for genetic instability and prostate cancer progression. Fan R, Kumaravel TS, Jalali F, Marrano P, Squire JA, Bristow RG. Cancer research. 2004 64:8526-33. [PubMed:15574758]
9
Cellular localization of human Rad51C and regulation of ubiquitin-mediated proteolysis of Rad51. Bennett BT, Knight KL. Journal of cellular biochemistry. 2005 96:1095-109. [PubMed:16215984]
10
Differential regulation of short- and long-tract gene conversion between sister chromatids by Rad51C. Nagaraju G, Odate S, Xie A, Scully R. Molecular and cellular biology. 2006 26:8075-86. [PubMed:16954385] [PMC:PMC1636746]
11
RAD51C deficiency in mice results in early prophase I arrest in males and sister chromatid separation at metaphase II in females. Kuznetsov S, Pellegrini M, Shuda K, Fernandez-Capetillo O, Liu Y, Martin BK, Burkett S, Southon E, Pati D, Tessarollo L, West SC, Donovan PJ, Nussenzweig A, Sharan SK. The Journal of cell biology. 2007 176:581-92. [PubMed:17312021] [PMC:PMC2064017]
12
Chronic hypoxia decreases synthesis of homologous recombination proteins to offset chemoresistance and radioresistance. Chan N, Koritzinsky M, Zhao H, Bindra R, Glazer PM, Powell S, Belmaaza A, Wouters B, Bristow RG. Cancer research. 2008 68:605-14. [PubMed:18199558]
13
Dysfunctional homologous recombination mediates genomic instability and progression in myeloma. Shammas MA, Shmookler Reis RJ, Koley H, Batchu RB, Li C, Munshi NC. Blood. 2009 113:2290-7. [PubMed:19050310] [PMC:PMC2652372]
14
Cellular redistribution of Rad51 in response to DNA damage: novel role for Rad51C. Gildemeister OS, Sage JM, Knight KL. The Journal of biological chemistry. 2009 284:31945-52. [PubMed:19783859] [PMC:PMC2797266]
15
Discovery of a novel function for human Rad51: maintenance of the mitochondrial genome. Sage JM, Gildemeister OS, Knight KL. The Journal of biological chemistry. 2010 285:18984-90. [PubMed:20413593] [PMC:PMC2885175]
16
Sirtuin 6 (SIRT6) rescues the decline of homologous recombination repair during replicative senescence. Mao Z, Tian X, Van Meter M, Ke Z, Gorbunova V, Seluanov A. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 2012 109:11800-5. (WB; Human) [PubMed:22753495] [PMC:PMC3406824]
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The data on this page has been compiled from LifeSpan internal sources, the National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI), and The Universal Protein Resource (UniProt).