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Tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC) is an autosomal dominant tumor syndrome caused by mutations in either of the TSC1 or TSC2 tumor suppressor genes. The products of these genes form a protein complex that indirectly decreases the signaling of the mammalian Target of Rapamycin (TOR), an evolutionarily conserved serine/threonine kinase that regulates cell growth and cell cycle through its ability to integrate signals from nutrient levels and growth factors. TOR activity is stimulated by Rheb, a member of the Ras superfamily of G-proteins, when the GTP/GDP ratio bound to Rheb is high. Immunoprecipitated TSC1/TSC2 has been shown to stimulate Rheb GTPase activity in vitro, suggesting that the TSC1/TSC2 decreases the ability of Rheb to stimulate TOR activity. This is supported by experiments showing overexpression of TSC1 and TSC2 results in a significant decrease in the GTP/GDP ratio bound to Rheb and the inhibition of cell growth. A shorter 40 kD isoform of TSC1 has been shown to exist but its function is unknown.
Gene Name: | tuberous sclerosis 1 |
Synonyms: | TSC1, LAM, Tuberous sclerosis 1 protein, Tuberous sclerosis 1, Hamartin, KIAA0243, TSC, Tumor suppressor |
Target Sequences: | NM_000368 NP_000359.1 Q92574 |
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