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AR / Androgen Receptor

androgen receptor

The androgen receptor (AR) is a NR3 Steroid Receptor located on the X chromosome. AR is a phosphoprotein and acts as a steroid hormone-activated transcription factor for androgen-responsive genes. Mutations in the AR gene are associated with androgen insensitivity syndrome (CAIS) or testicular feminization syndrome, Reifenstein syndrome, and Kennedy spinal and bulbar muscular atrophy. They lead to symptoms such as low virilization, reduced sperm production, testicular atrophy, and infertility. Androgen signaling through the androgen receptor (AR) appears to be involved in all aspects of prostate cancer, from initiation to development of treatment resistance. Gain-of-function AR gene mutations and/or altered signaling through AR have been suggested to contribute to disease progression. A recent study showed decreased expression of AR in response to incubation of LNCaP prostate carcinoma cells with PC-SPES, a mixture of eight herbs (Bonham et al. 2002). Two forms of AR that differ in their N termini have been isolated: AR A (87 kD), which is derived from translation of an internal methionine codon (met188), and AR B (110 kD). The two isoforms are expressed in similar tissues; however, AR B generally is the more abundant form.

Gene Name: androgen receptor
Family/Subfamily: NHR , NR3 Steroid receptor
Synonyms: AR, Androgen receptor, Dihydrotestosterone receptor, DHTR, AIS, KD, NR3C4, HUMARA, SBMA, TFM, SMAX1, HYSP1
Target Sequences: NM_000044 NP_000035.2 P10275

Publications (4)

1
Androgen receptor levels and association with PIK3CA mutations and prognosis in breast cancer. Gonzalez-Angulo AM, Stemke-Hale K, Palla SL, Carey M, Agarwal R, Meric-Berstam F, Traina TA, Hudis C, Hortobagyi GN, Gerald WL, Mills GB, Hennessy BT. Clinical cancer research : an official journal of the American Association for Cancer Research. 2009 15:2472-8. [PubMed:19276248]
2
Abnormal mitochondrial function and impaired granulosa cell differentiation in androgen receptor knockout mice. Wang RS, Chang HY, Kao SH, Kao CH, Wu YC, Yeh S, Tzeng CR, Chang C. International journal of molecular sciences. 2015 16:9831-49. (ICC; Human) [Full Text Article] [PubMed:25941928] [PMC:PMC4463620]
3
ERG signaling in prostate cancer is driven through PRMT5-dependent methylation of the Androgen Receptor. Mounir Z, Korn JM, Westerling T, Lin F, Kirby CA, Schirle M, McAllister G, Hoffman G, Ramadan N, Hartung A, Feng Y, Kipp DR, Quinn C, Fodor M, Baird J, Schoumacher M, Meyer R, Deeds J, Buchwalter G, Stams T, Keen N, Sellers WR, Brown M, Pagliarini RA. eLife. 2016 5: (WB; Human) [Full Text Article] [PubMed:27183006] [PMC:PMC4909395]
4
Weekly treatment with SAMiRNA targeting the androgen receptor ameliorates androgenetic alopecia. Sung-Il Yun , Sang-Kyu Lee , Eun-Ah Goh, Oh Seung Kwon, Woorim Choi, Jangseon Kim, Mi Sun Lee, Soon Ja Choi, Seung Sik Lim, Tae Kee Moon, Sin Hae Kim, Keeyeol Kyong, Gaewon Nam, Han-Oh Park. Scientific reports. 2022 January;12:1607. [Full Text Article] [PubMed:35102171] [PMC:PMC8803970]
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The data on this page has been compiled from LifeSpan internal sources, the National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI), and The Universal Protein Resource (UniProt).