999+
IHC markers are used in both clinical and research settings to provide insights into a variety of processes that are of interest to breast cancer and disease research at large. Breast cancer, the most common malignancy in women worldwide, is classified using microscopic morphologic criteria along with standard clinical immunohistochemistry markers for HER2 and ER/PR to predict whether a patient's tumor will respond to Herceptin or hormone therapy. IHC is further useful for determining rates of cell differentiation, elucidating molecular pathways, and highlighting the proteomics of tumor growth and metastatic potential.
For example, IHC markers help distinguish in-situ from invasive carcinomas (KRT14 and KRT5), subtype ductal from lobular carcinomas (E-cadherin, p120, FOXA1, GATA3), determine the mammary origin of a metastatic carcinoma (CK7, CK20, Mammaglobin A), and highlight tumor proliferation and apoptosis (Ki-67, BCL2, TP53). The myoepithelial markers SMA (Smooth Muscle Actin), Calponin, p63, and SMMHC can be used to determine whether a cancer has invaded, since benign and early lesions have an intact myoepithelial layer surrounding the breast glands.
Explore LSBio's recommended IHC-plus™ antibodies for each breast cancer marker below.