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ATRX
alpha thalassemia/mental retardation syndrome X-linked
Involved in transcriptional regulation and chromatin remodeling. Facilitates DNA replication in multiple cellular environments and is required for efficient replication of a subset of genomic loci. Binds to DNA tandem repeat sequences in both telomeres and euchromatin and in vitro binds DNA quadruplex structures. May help stabilizing G-rich regions into regular chromatin structures by remodeling G4 DNA and incorporating H3.3-containing nucleosomes. Catalytic component of the chromatin remodeling complex ATRX:DAXX which has ATP-dependent DNA translocase activity and catalyzes the replication-independent deposition of histone H3.3 in pericentric DNA repeats outside S-phase and telomeres, and the in vitro remodeling of H3.3-containing nucleosomes. Its heterochromatin targeting is proposed to involve a combinatorial readout of histone H3 modifications (specifically methylation states of H3K9 and H3K4) and association with CBX5. Involved in maintaining telomere structural integrity in embryonic stem cells which probably implies recruitment of CBX5 to telomers. Reports on the involvement in transcriptional regulation of telomeric repeat-containing RNA (TERRA) are conflicting; according (PubMed:24500201) is not sufficient to decrease chromatin condensation at telomers nor to increase expression of telomeric RNA in fibroblasts. May be involved in telomere maintenance via recombination in ALT (alternative lengthening of telomeres) cell lines. Acts as negative regulator of chromatin incorporation of transcriptionally repressive histone H2AFY, particularily at telomeres and the alpha-globin cluster in erythroleukemic cells. Participates in the allele-specific gene expression at the imprinted IGF2/H19 gene locus. On the maternal allele, required for the chromatin occupancy of SMC1 and CTCTF within the H19 imprinting control region (ICR) and involved in esatblishment of histone tails modifications in the ICR. May be involved in brain development and facial morphogenesis.
| Gene Name: | alpha thalassemia/mental retardation syndrome X-linked |
| Synonyms: | ATRX, ATP-dependent helicase ATRX, ATR2, Juberg-Marsidi syndrome, JMS, RAD54, RAD54 homolog, SFM1, MRXHF1, XH2, XNP, Transcriptional regulator ATRX, ZNF-HX, X-linked nuclear protein, SHS, Helicase 2, X-linked, X-linked helicase II, Zinc finger helicase |
| Target Sequences: | NM_000489 NP_000480.3 P46100 |
Publications (1)
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