ESR2 / ER Beta

estrogen receptor 2 (ER beta)

Estrogen receptor beta (ER beta), a NR3 Steroid Receptor, has been shown to have physiological functions in the central nervous system, cardiovascular system, immune system, urogenital tract, gastrointestinal tract, and in bone, kidney, and lung. Mice lacking the gene for ER beta show defective ovary development, reduced fertility, abnormal bladder and prostate development, and impaired vascular system functions that lead to hypertension in aging. ER beta is phosphorylated upon ligand activation and binds to target DNA as a homodimer. At least eight alternatively spliced isoforms of ER beta have been documented, many of which show tissue-specific expression patterns. A novel and functionally distinct isoform of human ER beta (ER beta548), which includes an extended amino-terminal domain has been identified recently by Wilkinson et al. 2002. ER beta has been suggested to affect carcinogenesis in smooth muscle, urogenital tract, breast, and colonic tissues.

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