CTSB / Cathepsin B

cathepsin B

Cathepsin B is a lysosomal cysteine proteinase synthesized as a zymogen of 39-47 kilodaltons (kD), which is subsequently converted into an active single- chain form of 33 kD (CB33) and, by additional processing, into the active 2-chain form containing a heavy chain of 27-29 kD (CB(27-29)) and a light chain of 4-6 kD. Cathepsin B is usually found in perinuclear lysosomes of epithelial cells of normal organs and non-malignant tumors, but is associated with the plasma membranes of many solid organ malignant tumors. Cathepsin B, a marker of the dedifferentiated chondrocyte phenotype, has been shown to contribute to cartilage destruction in osteoarthritis and pathological proteolysis in rheumatoid arthritis and cancer. Increased or altered CB expression has been documented in a variety of tumor cells. It has also been suggested that a cat B-mitochondrial apoptotic pathway plays a pivotal role in TNF-alpha-induced hepatocyte apoptosis and liver injury.

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