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CALR / Calreticulin

calreticulin

Calreticulin is a multifunctional protein that acts as a major Ca(2+)-binding (storage) protein in the lumen of the endoplasmic reticulum. It is also found in the nucleus, suggesting that it may have a role in transcription regulation. Calreticulin binds to the synthetic peptide KLGFFKR, which is almost identical to an amino acid sequence in the DNA-binding domain of the superfamily of nuclear receptors. Calreticulin binds to antibodies in certain sera of systemic lupus and Sjogren patients which contain anti-Ro/SSA antibodies, it is highly conserved among species, and it is located in the endoplasmic and sarcoplasmic reticulum where it may bind calcium. The amino terminus of calreticulin interacts with the DNA-binding domain of the glucocorticoid receptor and prevents the receptor from binding to its specific glucocorticoid response element. Calreticulin can inhibit the binding of androgen receptor to its hormone-responsive DNA element and can inhibit androgen receptor and retinoic acid receptor transcriptional activities in vivo, as well as retinoic acid-induced neuronal differentiation. Thus, calreticulin can act as an important modulator of the regulation of gene transcription by nuclear hormone receptors. Systemic lupus erythematosus is associated with increased autoantibody titers against calreticulin but calreticulin is not a Ro/SS-A antigen. Earlier papers referred to calreticulin as an Ro/SS-A antigen but this was later disproven. Increased autoantibody titer against human calreticulin is found in infants with complete congenital heart block of both the IgG and IgM classes.

Gene Name: calreticulin
Synonyms: CALR, Calregulin, CC1qR, CRP55, CRT, CRTC, ERp60, Grp60, RO, SSA, Calreticulin, HACBP
Target Sequences: NM_004343 NP_004334.1 P27797

Publications (16)

1
Paxillin associates with poly(A)-binding protein 1 at the dense endoplasmic reticulum and the leading edge of migrating cells. Woods AJ, Roberts MS, Choudhary J, Barry ST, Mazaki Y, Sabe H, Morley SJ, Critchley DR, Norman JC. The Journal of biological chemistry. 2002 277:6428-37. (ICC) [PubMed:11704675]
2
A dominant negative mutation of neuronal connexin 36 that blocks intercellular permeability. Placantonakis D, Cicirata F, Welsh JP. Brain research. Molecular brain research. 2002 98:15-28. (ICC) [PubMed:11834292]
3
C1q-calreticulin induced oxidative neurotoxicity: relevance for the neuropathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease. Luo X, Weber GA, Zheng J, Gendelman HE, Ikezu T. Journal of neuroimmunology. 2003 135:62-71. [PubMed:12576225]
4
Characterization of the intracellular calcium store at the base of the sperm flagellum that regulates hyperactivated motility. Ho HC, Suarez SS. Biology of reproduction. 2003 68:1590-6. (ICC; Bovine) [PubMed:12606347]
5
Calreticulin--an endoplasmic reticulum protein with calcium-binding activity is also found in the extracellular matrix. Somogyi E, Petersson U, Hultenby K, Wendel M. Matrix biology : journal of the International Society for Matrix Biology. 2003 22:179-91. [PubMed:12782144]
6
Novel role of phospholipase C-delta1: regulation of liver mitochondrial Ca2+ uptake. Knox CD, Belous AE, Pierce JM, Wakata A, Nicoud IB, Anderson CD, Pinson CW, Chari RS. American journal of physiology. Gastrointestinal and liver physiology. 2004 287:G533-40. (WB; Rat) [PubMed:15107298]
7
Transient calnexin interaction confers long-term stability on folded K+ channel protein in the ER. Khanna R, Lee EJ, Papazian DM. Journal of cell science. 2004 117:2897-908. (WB; Human) [PubMed:15161937]
8
Human FK506 binding protein 65 is associated with colorectal cancer. Olesen SH, Christensen LL, Srensen FB, Cabezn T, Laurberg S, Orntoft TF, Birkenkamp-Demtrder K. Molecular & cellular proteomics : MCP. 2005 4:534-44. (ICC, IHC, WB; Human) [PubMed:15671042]
9
A splice variant of the TCR zeta mRNA lacking exon 7 leads to the down-regulation of TCR zeta, the TCR/CD3 complex, and IL-2 production in systemic lupus erythematosus T cells. Tsuzaka K, Setoyama Y, Yoshimoto K, Shiraishi K, Suzuki K, Abe T, Takeuchi T. Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950). 2005 174:3518-25. (ICC; Mouse) [PubMed:15749888]
10
ATP-sensitive K+-channel subunits on the mitochondria and endoplasmic reticulum of rat cardiomyocytes. Zhou M, Tanaka O, Sekiguchi M, He HJ, Yasuoka Y, Itoh H, Kawahara K, Abe H. The journal of histochemistry and cytochemistry : official journal of the Histochemistry Society. 2005 53:1491-500. (WB; Rat) [PubMed:15983113]
11
Impaired megakaryocytopoiesis in type 2B von Willebrand disease with severe thrombocytopenia. Nurden P, Debili N, Vainchenker W, Bobe R, Bredoux R, Corvazier E, Combrie R, Fressinaud E, Meyer D, Nurden AT, Enouf J. Blood. 2006 108:2587-95. (WB; Human) [PubMed:16720832]
12
Identification of human T cell leukemia virus type 1 tax amino acid signals and cellular factors involved in secretion of the viral oncoprotein. Jain P, Mostoller K, Flaig KE, Ahuja J, Lepoutre V, Alefantis T, Khan ZK, Wigdahl B. The Journal of biological chemistry. 2007 282:34581-93. (WB) [PubMed:17897946]
13
C1q enhances IFN-gamma production by antigen-specific T cells via the CD40 costimulatory pathway on dendritic cells. Baruah P, Dumitriu IE, Malik TH, Cook HT, Dyson J, Scott D, Simpson E, Botto M. Blood. 2009 113:3485-93. (ICC) [PubMed:19171874]
14
Recruitment of functionally distinct membrane proteins to chromatin mediates nuclear envelope formation in vivo. Anderson DJ, Vargas JD, Hsiao JP, Hetzer MW. The Journal of cell biology. 2009 186:183-91. (ICC, WB) [PubMed:19620630] [PMC:PMC2717638]
15
Enhanced Protein Secretion From Insect Cells by Co-Expression of the Chaperone Calreticulin and Translation Initiation Factor eIF4E. Teng CY, Chang SL, van Oers MM, Wu TY. Molecular biotechnology. 2013 54:68-78. (WB) [PubMed:22555850]
16
a-Synuclein and ß-synuclein enhance secretion protein production in baculovirus expression vector system. Teng CY, Chang SL, Tsai MF, Wu TY. Applied microbiology and biotechnology. 2013 (WB) [PubMed:23314197]
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Proteins (18)
Over-Expression Lysate (2)
Recombinant (16)
CALR / Calreticulin (18)
No (18)
6His, N-terminus (3)
Fc (1)
GST (2)
GST, N-terminus (2)
His (5)
His, N-Terminal (1)
His,C-terminus (1)
Myc-DDK (Flag) (3)
Entamoeba histolytica (1)
Human (12)
Mouse (3)
Pig (1)
293F Cells (1)
293T Cells (1)
E. coli (9)
HEK 293 Cells (4)
Wheat Germ Extract (1)
Yeast (2)
Purified (8)
Low endotoxin level (3)
CALR / Calreticulin Protein
Select
Yeast
6His, N-terminus
48.3 kD
100 µg/$499; 20 µg/$364; 1 mg/$1,683
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HEK 293 Cells
Fc
Less than 1.0 EU/µg protein (determined by LAL method).
73 kDa
50 µg/$721
CALR / Calreticulin Protein - Recombinant Calreticulin By SDS-PAGE
Select
E. coli
His
16.1 kDa
10 µg/$280; 50 µg/$437; 100 µg/$700; 200 µg/$872; 1 mg/$1,978; 500 µg/$1,519; 5 mg/$3,053; 2 mg/$2,164
CALR / Calreticulin Protein - Western validation with an anti-DDK antibody * L: Control HEK293 lysate R: Over-expression lysate
Select
HEK 293 Cells
Myc-DDK (Flag)
48.14 kDa
100 µg/$494
CALR / Calreticulin Protein - Flow cytometric analysis of CRT on the cell surface 3.10^5 EL4 Thymoma cells, growing in suspension in RPMI 1640 (Gibco) supplemented medium were plated in 12-well plates and treated with mitomycin C (30mM, Sanofi Aventis) or cisplatin (25mM, Sigma) for 4h. Cells were harvested, washed once with cold PBS and possibly resuspended in 200mL of cold PBS containing 1mg of recombinant Calreticulin for 30 minutesutes on ice. After one wash with cold PBS, cells were fixed in 0.25% paraformaldehyde (PFA) in PBS for 5 minutesutes. After washing again once with cold PBS, cells were incubated for 30 minutes with primary antibody, diluted in cold blocking buffer (2% FBS in PBS), followed by washing and incubation with the Alexa488-conjugated monoclonal secondary antibody in blocking buffer (30 minutes). Each sample was then analyzed by FACScan (Becton Dickinson) to identify cell-surface Calreticulin. Secondary antibody alone was used as an isotype control, and the fluorescent intensity of stained cells was gated on propridium iodide (PI) negative cells.Pictures courtesy of Prof. Guido Kroemer, INSERM, Paris.
Select
E. coli
His
Less than 1.0 EU/µg protein (determined by LAL method).
~55kDa (SDS-PAGE)
50 µg/$564; 10 µg/$351
CALR / Calreticulin Protein - Purified recombinant protein CALR was analyzed by SDS-PAGE gel and Coomassie Blue Staining
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HEK 293 Cells
Myc-DDK (Flag)
46.4 kDa
20 µg/$1,107
CALR / Calreticulin Protein
Select
E. coli
His
48.7 kDa
100 µg/$411; 500 µg/$985; 20 µg/$276
CALR / Calreticulin Protein - (Tris-Glycine gel) Discontinuous SDS-PAGE (reduced) with 5% enrichment gel and 15% separation gel.
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E. coli
GST, N-terminus
73.5 kDa
1 mg/$1,355; 100 µg/$420; 20 µg/$323
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293F Cells
His, N-Terminal
60kDa
10 µg/$315; 50 µg/$652; 200 µg/$1,228; 100 µg/$1,034; 1 mg/$2,469; 500 µg/$1,971; 5 mg/$4,551; 2 mg/$2,661
Select
E. coli
GST
73.7 kD
1 mg/$1,679; 100 µg/$500; 20 µg/$364
CALR / Calreticulin Protein - 12.5% SDS-PAGE of human CALR stained with Coomassie Blue
Select
Wheat Germ Extract
GST
71.61 kDa
10 µg/$479; 25 µg/$670
CALR / Calreticulin Protein - Western validation with an anti-DDK antibody * L: Control HEK293 lysate R: Over-expression lysate
Select
293T Cells
Myc-DDK (Flag)
48.14 kDa
20 µg/$150
CALR / Calreticulin Protein - (Tris-Glycine gel) Discontinuous SDS-PAGE (reduced) with 5% enrichment gel and 15% separation gel.
Select
E. coli
6His, N-terminus
1 mg/$1,355; 100 µg/$420; 20 µg/$323
CALR / Calreticulin Protein - (Tris-Glycine gel) Discontinuous SDS-PAGE (reduced) with 5% enrichment gel and 15% separation gel.
Select
E. coli
GST, N-terminus
1 mg/$1,679; 100 µg/$598; 20 µg/$405
CALR / Calreticulin Protein - (Tris-Glycine gel) Discontinuous SDS-PAGE (reduced) with 5% enrichment gel and 15% separation gel.
Select
Yeast
6His, N-terminus
1 mg/$1,973; 100 µg/$679; 20 µg/$429
Select
HEK 293 Cells
His,C-terminus
Less than 1.0 EU/µg protein (determined by LAL method).
47.4 kDa
50 µg/$721
CALR / Calreticulin Protein - Recombinant Calreticulin By SDS-PAGE
Select
E. coli
His
21.6 kDa
10 µg/$278; 50 µg/$422; 100 µg/$672; 200 µg/$842; 1 mg/$1,934; 500 µg/$1,480; 5 mg/$2,941; 2 mg/$2,119
CALR / Calreticulin Protein - Recombinant Calreticulin By SDS-PAGE
Select
E. coli
His
15.2 kDa
10 µg/$278; 50 µg/$422; 100 µg/$672; 200 µg/$842; 1 mg/$1,934; 500 µg/$1,480; 5 mg/$2,941; 2 mg/$2,119
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The data on this page has been compiled from LifeSpan internal sources, the National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI), and The Universal Protein Resource (UniProt).