ACE2 / ACE-2

angiotensin I converting enzyme 2

Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme 2 (ACE2) plays a central role in vascular, renal, and myocardial physiology. In contrast to its homolog ACE, ACE2 expression is restricted to heart, kidney, and testis. The normal function of ACE2 is to convert the inactive vasoconstrictor angiotensin I (AngI) to Ang1-9 and the active form AngII to Ang1-7, unlike ACE, which converts AngI to AngII. While the role of these vasoactive peptides is not well understood, lack of ACE2 expression in ace2-/ace2- mice leads to severely reduced cardiac contractility, indicating its importance in regulating heart function. ACE2 is also the attachment receptor for HCoV-N63, SARS-CoV and SARS-CoV-2. The S1 portion of the coronavirus spike protein attaches to ACE2 presented on the host cell surface. The SARS-CoV-2 virus targets pneumocytes and macrophages expressing ACE2 in the lung, and it is believed to infect ACE2-positive cells in other tissues including the gastrointestinal tract and potentially the liver (in cholangiocytes).

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