Human Complement C4d

Mouse

Human (tested or 100% immunogen sequence identity)

Mouse, Rat, Bovine, Cat, Dog, Guinea pig, Rabbit, Sheep

IgG1 Monoclonal

10-11

Unconjugated

Protein A purified

Unmodified

Native, from human plasma.

Recognizes the secreted protein complement component 4d (C4d). The presence of C4d in renal peritubular capillaries is a key indicator for acute antibody-mediated rejection [AMR]. C4d was accepted in 2003 into the Banff classification for identification of acute AMR. Is specific for C4d, a marker that can be used in the detection of acute AMR for kidney, heart, pancreas and lung allografts. C4d is regarded as a key marker of antibody-mediated cell injury and humoral rejection. Complement 1 complex cleaves complement 4 (C4) to form C4b and C4a. C4b levels are strictly regulated. Single site cleavage of the C4ba€™s alpha chain by Factor I forms iC4b and blocks C3 convertase, inhibiting opsonization and activation of the classical pathway. This requires C4 binding protein or CR1 as a cofactor. iC4b is further degraded into C4d and C4c. C4ba€™s short half life means that C4d is present in serum at high enough concentrations to make it a useful marker for classical complement activation. Is used to detect the biomarker C4d which has been described as a a€œfootprinta€ of antibody mediated tissue rejection. The internal thioester of C4b becomes exposed during cleavage to C4d and forms a covalent bond with the cell surface. The longer half-life of covalently bound C4d makes it a footprint of complement activation long after weakly bound antibodies have been cleared by the blood stream. C4 has also been linked to susceptibility to systemic lupus erythematosus and rheumatoid arthritis.

• IHC
• IHC - Paraffin
• IHC - Frozen (1:100 - 1:750)
• Immunofluorescence (1:250 - 1:600)
• Western blot
• ELISA (1:5000 - 1:20000)

Immunohistochemistry: It has been reported that this antibody works very well on acetone-fixed, frozen renal biopsies. Strong staining is observed in the glomeruli and in some cases the peritubular capillaries. Clone 10-11 has given variable results on formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded sections. It has been observed that pre-treatment with 88% formic acid for 20 minutes at room temperature is beneficial (6).

BBS, 0.09% Sodium Azide

Store at 4°C or at -20°C. Store undiluted. Avoid freeze-thaw cycles. Microcentrifugation recommended if solution contains precipitate.

For research use only. Intended for use by laboratory professionals.

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