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ADAR2 / ADARB1
adenosine deaminase, RNA-specific, B1
Catalyzes the hydrolytic deamination of adenosine to inosine in double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) referred to as A-to-I RNA editing. This may affect gene expression and function in a number of ways that include mRNA translation by changing codons and hence the amino acid sequence of proteins; pre-mRNA splicing by altering splice site recognition sequences; RNA stability by changing sequences involved in nuclease recognition; genetic stability in the case of RNA virus genomes by changing sequences during viral RNA replication; and RNA structure-dependent activities such as microRNA production or targeting or protein-RNA interactions. Can edit both viral and cellular RNAs and can edit RNAs at multiple sites (hyper-editing) or at specific sites (site-specific editing). Its cellular RNA substrates include: bladder cancer-associated protein (BLCAP), neurotransmitter receptors for glutamate (GRIA2 and GRIK2) and serotonin (HTR2C), GABA receptor (GABRA3) and potassium voltage-gated channel (KCNA1). Site-specific RNA editing of transcripts encoding these proteins results in amino acid substitutions which consequently alter their functional activities. Edits GRIA2 at both the Q/R and R/G sites efficiently but converts the adenosine in hotspot1 much less efficiently. Can exert a proviral effect towards human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) and enhances its replication via both an editing-dependent and editing-independent mechanism. The former involves editing of adenosines in the 5'UTR while the latter occurs via suppression of EIF2AK2/PKR activation and function. Can inhibit cell proliferation and migration and can stimulate exocytosis.
| Gene Name: | adenosine deaminase, RNA-specific, B1 |
| Synonyms: | ADARB1, ADAR2a-L3, ADAR2, ADAR2g, ADAR2a, ADAR2a-L2, ADAR2d, DsRNA adenosine deaminase, DRABA2, DRADA2, ADAR2a-L1, ADAR2b, ADAR2c, HRED1, RED1, RNA editase, RED1 homolog, RNA editing deaminase 1, RNA-editing deaminase 1, RNA-editing enzyme 1 |
| Target Sequences: | NM_001112 NP_001103.1 P78563 |
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